Kidney Disease
Across multiple clinical studies, oral disease severity increases in parallel with chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression and systemic inflammation. Elevated dental indices, including decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT), plaque index, gingival index, and clinical attachment loss, correlate with reduced glomerular filtration rate and increased inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein and interleukin-6. Non-surgical periodontal therapy modestly improves inflammatory profiles, though renal outcomes remain variable. Post-transplant populations exhibit unique oral complications, including gingival overgrowth, candidiasis, and mucosal neoplasia, linked to immunosuppressive regimens. Oral health constitutes a measurable and modifiable determinant in CKD progression. Integrating oral assessments into nephrology care can enhance the monitoring of systemic inflammation and improve patient quality of life. Structural inequities and limited workforce capacity continue to impede global oral–renal integration. Evidence-based, interdisciplinary strategies are proposed to embed oral health within CKD management pathways.
BMC Nephrology
2026
These findings underscore the importance of integrating oral health into cardiometabolic care, suggesting that addressing periodontal inflammation and biological age acceleration (BAA) could improve Cardiovascular–Kidney–Metabolic (CKM) syndrome outcomes.
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
2025
(Article: Periodontal disease linked to kidney function decline in Hispanic, Latino patients)
Found that select measures of periodontal disease were associated with incident low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
2021
Oral conditions in renal disorders and treatment considerations – A review for pediatric dentists
This article reviews the current understanding of the oral and dental aspects of chronic renal disease (CRD).
The Saudi Dental Journal
2015